Parameter values: Sort by alphabetical glider order
ID | 157 | HD_B | 0.0082269898 | ROLL_MAX | 3867 | ALTIM_BOTTOM_PING_RANGE | 0 |
MISSION | 18 | HD_C | 3.24089e-06 | ROLL_DEG | 40 | ALTIM_TOP_PING_RANGE | 0 |
DIVE | 6 | HEADING | -1 | C_ROLL_DIVE | 2150 | ALTIM_BOTTOM_TURN_MARGIN | 15 |
N_DIVES | 0 | ESCAPE_HEADING | 0 | C_ROLL_CLIMB | 2050 | ALTIM_TOP_TURN_MARGIN | 0 |
STOP_T | 0 | ESCAPE_HEADING_DELTA | 10 | HEAD_ERRBAND | 20 | ALTIM_TOP_MIN_OBSTACLE | 1 |
D_SURF | 2 | FIX_MISSING_TIMEOUT | 0 | ROLL_CNV | 0.028270001 | ALTIM_PING_DEPTH | 100 |
D_FLARE | 2 | TGT_DEFAULT_LAT | 41.058334 | ROLL_TIMEOUT | 15 | ALTIM_PING_DELTA | 5 |
D_TGT | 150 | TGT_DEFAULT_LON | -124.43333 | R_PORT_OVSHOOT | 43 | ALTIM_FREQUENCY | 13 |
D_ABORT | 1050 | TGT_AUTO_DEFAULT | 0 | R_STBD_OVSHOOT | 35 | ALTIM_PULSE | 5 |
D_NO_BLEED | 500 | SM_CC | 250 | ROLL_AD_RATE | 200 | ALTIM_SENSITIVITY | 3 |
D_BOOST | 3 | N_FILEKB | 4 | ROLL_MAXERRORS | 2 | XPDR_VALID | 6 |
T_BOOST | 0 | FILEMGR | 0 | ROLL_ADJ_GAIN | 0 | XPDR_INHIBIT | 90 |
D_FINISH | 0 | CALL_NDIVES | 1 | ROLL_ADJ_DBAND | 0 | INT_PRESSURE_SLOPE | 0.0097660003 |
D_PITCH | 0 | COMM_SEQ | 0 | VBD_MIN | 485 | INT_PRESSURE_YINT | 1.2 |
D_SAFE | 0 | PROTOCOL | 9 | VBD_MAX | 3960 | DEEPGLIDER | 0 |
D_CALL | 0 | N_NOCOMM | 0 | C_VBD | 1888 | MOTHERBOARD | 4 |
SURFACE_URGENCY | 0 | NOCOMM_ACTION | 0 | VBD_DBAND | 2 | DEVICE1 | 2 |
SURFACE_URGENCY_TRY | 0 | N_NOSURFACE | 0 | VBD_CNV | -0.25119999 | DEVICE2 | 101 |
SURFACE_URGENCY_FORCE | 0 | UPLOAD_DIVES_MAX | -1 | VBD_LP_IGNORE | 0 | DEVICE3 | 83 |
T_DIVE | 50 | CALL_TRIES | 10 | VBD_TIMEOUT | 720 | DEVICE4 | -1 |
T_MISSION | 70 | CALL_WAIT | 45 | PITCH_VBD_SHIFT | 0.00055 | DEVICE5 | -1 |
T_ABORT | 1440 | CAPUPLOAD | 1 | VBD_PUMP_AD_RATE_SURFACE | 5 | DEVICE6 | -1 |
T_TURN | 500 | CAPMAXSIZE | 200000 | VBD_PUMP_AD_RATE_APOGEE | 4 | LOGGERS | 0 |
T_TURN_SAMPINT | 5 | HEAPDBG | 0 | VBD_BLEED_AD_RATE | 8 | LOGGERDEVICE1 | -1 |
T_NO_W | 120 | T_GPS | 15 | UNCOM_BLEED | 60 | LOGGERDEVICE2 | -1 |
T_LOITER | 0 | N_GPS | 100840 | VBD_MAXERRORS | 1 | LOGGERDEVICE3 | -1 |
T_SLOITER | 0 | T_RSLEEP | 3 | W_ADJ_DBAND | 0 | LOGGERDEVICE4 | -1 |
T_EPIRB | 0 | STROBE | 0 | DBDW | 0 | COMPASS_DEVICE | 33 |
USE_BATHY | -6 | RAFOS_PEAK_OFFSET | 1.5 | PITCH_W_GAIN | 0 | COMPASS2_DEVICE | -1 |
USE_ICE | 0 | RAFOS_CORR_THRESH | 60 | PITCH_W_DBAND | 0 | PHONE_DEVICE | 49 |
ICE_FREEZE_MARGIN | 0.30000001 | RAFOS_HIT_WINDOW | 3600 | CF8_MAXERRORS | 2 | GPS_DEVICE | 32 |
D_OFFGRID | 100 | RAFOS_MMODEM | 0 | AH0_24V | 150 | RAFOS_DEVICE | -1 |
T_WATCHDOG | 10 | PITCH_MIN | 195 | AH0_10V | 100 | XPDR_DEVICE | 24 |
RELAUNCH | 1 | PITCH_MAX | 3873 | MINV_24V | 19 | SIM_W | 0 |
APOGEE_PITCH | -5 | C_PITCH | 2914 | MINV_10V | 8 | SIM_PITCH | 0 |
MAX_BUOY | 150 | PITCH_DBAND | 0.1 | MAXI_24V | 0.80000001 | SEABIRD_T_G | 0.0042755376 |
COURSE_BIAS | 0 | PITCH_CNV | 0.003125763 | MAXI_10V | 1 | SEABIRD_T_H | 0.00061792543 |
GLIDE_SLOPE | 45 | P_OVSHOOT | 0.0099999998 | FG_AHR_10V | 0 | SEABIRD_T_I | 2.1266471e-05 |
SPEED_FACTOR | 1 | P_OVSHOOT_WITHG | 0.079999998 | FG_AHR_24V | 0 | SEABIRD_T_J | 2.1233338e-06 |
RHO | 1.023 | PITCH_GAIN | 26 | PHONE_SUPPLY | 2 | SEABIRD_C_G | -10.171201 |
MASS | 52192 | PITCH_TIMEOUT | 18 | PRESSURE_YINT | -59.556149 | SEABIRD_C_H | 1.1543965 |
MASS_COMP | 0 | PITCH_AD_RATE | 160 | PRESSURE_SLOPE | 0.0001158973 | SEABIRD_C_I | -0.001885508 |
NAV_MODE | 2 | PITCH_MAXERRORS | 1 | AD7714Ch0Gain | 128 | SEABIRD_C_J | 0.00023849163 |
FERRY_MAX | 45 | PITCH_ADJ_GAIN | 0 | TCM_PITCH_OFFSET | 0 | SEABIRD_C_Z | 2972.8101 |
KALMAN_USE | 1 | PITCH_ADJ_DBAND | 0 | TCM_ROLL_OFFSET | 0 | ||
HD_A | 0.00318893 | ROLL_MIN | 268 | COMPASS_USE | 4 |
Pre-dive calculations and measurements:
GPS1 |   301017,234904,4743.3213,-12224.6143,6,1.1,37,16.3,0.0,14.3,9,9.5 | TGT_NAME |   NORTH |
_CALLS |   1 | TGT_LATLONG |   4744.500,-12224.500 |
_XMS_NAKs |   0 | TGT_RADIUS |   750.000 |
_XMS_TOUTs |   0 | KALMAN_CONTROL |   0.000624,0.287072 |
_SM_DEPTHo |   1.24 | KALMAN_X |   -207.626328,-260.502594,-204.004883,765.650085,49.304459 |
_SM_ANGLEo |   -66.2 | KALMAN_Y |   -545.753052,-873.122437,-584.312073,3415.717285,187.158173 |
GPS2 |   301017,235716,4743.3276,-12224.5820,3,0.8,10,16.3,0.0,0.0,12,8.8 | MHEAD_RNG_PITCHd_Wd |   348.9,2174,-16.4,-10.000,-19.21,2244 |
SPEED_LIMITS |   0.100,0.287 | D_GRID |   176 |
Post-dive calculations and measurements:
FINISH |   0.7,1.021656 | _10V_AH |   10.43,0.259 |
SM_CCo |   3036,0.00,0.000,0,0,687,301.69 | FG_AHR_24Vo |   0.000 |
SM_GC |   1.25,7.70,2.47,0.00,0.035,0.025,0.000,156,2136,687,-8.51,-1.13,301.69,0,0,0,0,0,0,26.20,26.21,26.25 | FG_AHR_10Vo |   0.000 |
IRIDIUM_FIX |   4740.82,-12223.37,301017,225326 | MEM |   312876 |
TT8_MAMPS |   0.024717,0.245672 | DATA_FILE_SIZE |   38368,552 |
HUMID |   45.27 | CAP_FILE_SIZE |   64443,0 |
INTERNAL_PRESSURE |   8.79795 | CFSIZE |   260034560,258043904 |
TCM_TEMP |   13.60 | ERRORS |   0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0 |
XPDR_PINGS |   10 | CURRENT |   0.105,24.80,1 |
ALTIM_BOTTOM_PING |   105.3,84.9 | GPS |   311017,004943,4743.894,-12224.387,3,0.8,11,16.3,0.0,0.0,11,9.0 |
_24V_AH |   24.60,0.613 |
Energy measurements:
device | secs | mA | J | sensor | secs | mA | J |
Pitch_motor | 18 | 247 | 115.34 | SBE_CT | 374 | 23 | 220.87 |
Roll_motor | 37 | 84 | 78.25 | AA4330 | 439 | 20 | 218.83 |
VBD_pump_during_apogee | 360 | 700 | 6216.53 | WL_red_Chl_CDOM | 444 | 61 | 671.00 |
VBD_pump_during_surface | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | nil | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
VBD_valve | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | nil | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
Iridium_during_init | 23 | 61 | 35.13 | nil | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
Iridium_during_connect | 47 | 160 | 188.17 | nil | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
Iridium_during_xfer | 339 | 223 | 1860.23 | nil | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
Transponder_ping | 3 | 420 | 33.58 | nil | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
GUMSTIX_24V | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | ||||
GPS | 11 | 29 | 3.61 | ||||
TT8 | 1272 | 10 | 135.68 | ||||
LPSleep | 547 | 2 | 12.50 | ||||
TT8_Active | 440 | 10 | 46.96 | ||||
TT8_Sampling | 1231 | 34 | 439.12 | ||||
TT8_CF8 | 58 | 40 | 24.70 | ||||
TT8_Kalman | 33 | 57 | 20.00 | ||||
Analog_circuits | 927 | 16 | 154.74 | ||||
GPS_charging | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | ||||
Compass | 804 | 16 | 138.23 | ||||
RAFOS | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | ||||
Transponder | 8 | 30 | 2.50 | ||||
Guidance and control:
st_secs | pitch_ctl | vbd_ctl | pitch_ad_start | roll_ad_start | vbd_pot1_ad_start | vbd_pot2_ad_start | depth | ob_vertv | data_pts | end_secs | pitch_secs | roll_secs | vbd_secs | vbd_i | gcphase | pitch_i | roll_i | pitch_ad | roll_ad | vbd_ad | vbd_pot1_ad | vbd_pot2_ad | pitch_retries | pitch_errors | roll_retries | roll_errors | vbd_retries | vbd_errors | pitch_volts | roll_volts | vbd_volts | int_press | humidity |
6 | end surface: CONTROL_FINISHED_OK | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
state | 6 | begin dive | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8 | -0.71 | -146.6 | 154 | 2152 | 673 | 731 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 48 | 0.00 | 0.00 | -38.53 | 0.000 | 16386 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 154 | 2152 | 1742 | 1782 | 1702 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26.35 | 28.83 | 26.37 | 8.87 | 46.14 |
51 | -0.71 | -146.6 | 154 | 2152 | 1782 | 1702 | 2.1 | -3.6 | 6 | 88 | 9.93 | 0.00 | -20.62 | 0.000 | 18438 | 0.247 | 0.000 | 2686 | 2152 | 2473 | 2631 | 2315 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25.83 | 25.66 | 26.09 | 8.97 | 46.06 |
150 | -0.71 | -146.6 | 2685 | 2152 | 2631 | 2318 | 13.6 | -15.2 | 24 | 156 | 0.00 | 2.45 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 260 | 0.000 | 0.048 | 2676 | 3567 | 2475 | 2631 | 2319 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26.39 | 26.11 | 26.40 | 9.05 | 45.39 |
193 | -0.71 | -146.6 | 2675 | 3570 | 2631 | 2320 | 20.3 | -14.0 | 32 | 200 | 0.00 | 2.30 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 1030 | 0.000 | 0.034 | 2676 | 2162 | 2475 | 2631 | 2320 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26.25 | 26.20 | 26.27 | 9.04 | 45.39 |
262 | -0.71 | -146.6 | 2675 | 2162 | 2631 | 2320 | 30.4 | -14.5 | 45 | 268 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2676 | 2162 | 2475 | 2631 | 2320 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26.50 | 26.52 | 26.51 | 9.04 | 44.95 |
330 | -0.71 | -146.6 | 2675 | 2162 | 2631 | 2321 | 40.0 | -14.1 | 58 | 337 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2676 | 2162 | 2475 | 2631 | 2320 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26.56 | 26.58 | 26.58 | 9.04 | 45.78 |
458 | -0.71 | -146.6 | 2675 | 2162 | 2631 | 2320 | 57.4 | -12.4 | 83 | 464 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2676 | 2163 | 2475 | 2630 | 2320 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26.64 | 26.66 | 26.65 | 9.04 | 45.27 |
585 | -0.71 | -146.6 | 2675 | 2162 | 2630 | 2320 | 73.3 | -12.3 | 108 | 592 | 0.00 | 2.45 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 516 | 0.000 | 0.047 | 2676 | 702 | 2475 | 2630 | 2320 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26.70 | 26.43 | 26.72 | 9.04 | 45.07 |
689 | -0.71 | -146.6 | 2675 | 702 | 2630 | 2320 | 86.8 | -13.1 | 128 | 696 | 0.00 | 2.30 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 1030 | 0.000 | 0.028 | 2670 | 2142 | 2475 | 2630 | 2320 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26.55 | 26.48 | 26.56 | 9.04 | 45.19 |
819 | -0.71 | -146.6 | 2670 | 2140 | 2631 | 2320 | 102.5 | -11.5 | 153 | 825 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2670 | 2140 | 2475 | 2631 | 2320 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26.78 | 26.79 | 26.79 | 9.03 | 45.27 |
951 | -0.71 | -146.6 | 2670 | 2140 | 2631 | 2320 | 117.7 | -12.0 | 178 | 957 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2670 | 2140 | 2475 | 2631 | 2320 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26.82 | 26.84 | 26.83 | 9.04 | 45.03 |
1078 | -0.71 | -146.6 | 2670 | 2139 | 2630 | 2320 | 132.8 | -11.4 | 203 | 1083 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2670 | 2139 | 2475 | 2630 | 2320 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26.84 | 26.86 | 26.86 | 9.03 | 45.11 |
1205 | -0.71 | -146.6 | 2670 | 2139 | 2630 | 2320 | 147.8 | -12.5 | 228 | 1211 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 2670 | 2139 | 2475 | 2631 | 2320 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26.87 | 26.89 | 26.89 | 9.03 | 45.27 |
1226 | end dive: TARGET_DEPTH_EXCEEDED | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
state | 1226 | begin apogee | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1230 | -0.19 | 0.0 | 2670 | 2013 | 2630 | 2320 | 150.5 | -12.0 | 232 | 1354 | 0.52 | 0.10 | 115.57 | 0.701 | 10246 | 0.138 | 0.084 | 2851 | 2086 | 1887 | 1927 | 1847 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26.45 | 25.26 | 24.76 | 9.03 | 45.35 |
1355 | end apogee: CONTROL_FINISHED_OK | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
state | 1355 | begin climb | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1356 | 0.71 | 146.6 | 2851 | 2086 | 1926 | 1847 | 154.6 | 0.0 | 252 | 1481 | 0.77 | 0.00 | 117.40 | 0.669 | 10758 | 0.094 | 0.000 | 3123 | 2087 | 1301 | 1305 | 1298 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25.34 | 25.06 | 24.60 | 8.98 | 44.80 |
1605 | 0.73 | 183.4 | 3122 | 2087 | 1305 | 1298 | 136.7 | 8.3 | 297 | 1642 | 0.00 | 2.42 | 29.90 | 0.640 | 8708 | 0.000 | 0.049 | 3131 | 646 | 1154 | 1147 | 1162 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26.10 | 25.34 | 25.00 | 8.92 | 43.97 |
1699 | 0.74 | 207.0 | 3130 | 646 | 1147 | 1162 | 128.1 | 8.9 | 314 | 1730 | 0.00 | 2.22 | 21.02 | 0.643 | 9222 | 0.000 | 0.031 | 3131 | 2045 | 1064 | 1049 | 1080 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25.89 | 25.84 | 25.03 | 8.91 | 43.97 |
1853 | 0.74 | 207.0 | 3130 | 2045 | 1049 | 1080 | 113.8 | 10.0 | 343 | 1858 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 3131 | 2045 | 1065 | 1050 | 1080 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26.24 | 26.25 | 26.25 | 8.90 | 44.56 |
1980 | 0.74 | 207.0 | 3130 | 2044 | 1049 | 1080 | 99.0 | 11.9 | 368 | 1986 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 6 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 3131 | 2044 | 1064 | 1049 | 1080 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26.42 | 26.44 | 26.44 | 8.89 | 45.27 |
2108 | 0.74 | 207.0 | 3130 | 2044 | 1049 | 1080 | 84.1 | 11.2 | 393 | 2115 | 0.00 | 2.28 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 516 | 0.000 | 0.048 | 3131 | 655 | 1065 | 1050 | 1080 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26.54 | 26.27 | 26.55 | 8.89 | 45.74 |
2147 | 0.74 | 207.0 | 3131 | 655 | 1049 | 1080 | 79.7 | 11.4 | 400 | 2154 | 0.00 | 2.17 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 1030 | 0.000 | 0.025 | 3131 | 2059 | 1064 | 1049 | 1080 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26.39 | 26.33 | 26.40 | 8.89 | 45.43 |
2275 | 0.74 | 207.0 | 3131 | 2057 | 1049 | 1079 | 65.6 | 10.8 | 425 | 2283 | 0.00 | 2.38 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 260 | 0.000 | 0.045 | 3132 | 3457 | 1064 | 1049 | 1080 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26.65 | 25.34 | 26.66 | 8.89 | 45.27 |
2299 | 0.74 | 207.0 | 3131 | 3457 | 1049 | 1080 | 62.7 | 11.6 | 429 | 2307 | 0.00 | 2.28 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 1030 | 0.000 | 0.029 | 3131 | 2072 | 1064 | 1049 | 1079 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26.46 | 26.40 | 26.48 | 8.89 | 45.90 |
2430 | 0.76 | 229.6 | 3131 | 2072 | 1050 | 1079 | 49.9 | 9.0 | 454 | 2461 | 0.00 | 2.38 | 21.30 | 0.613 | 8708 | 0.000 | 0.045 | 3132 | 639 | 972 | 948 | 997 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26.71 | 26.13 | 25.63 | 8.89 | 45.62 |
2508 | 0.76 | 243.4 | 3131 | 639 | 949 | 997 | 42.8 | 9.4 | 468 | 2528 | 0.00 | 2.20 | 13.15 | 0.579 | 9222 | 0.000 | 0.025 | 3131 | 2061 | 916 | 887 | 945 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26.32 | 26.26 | 25.55 | 8.90 | 45.19 |
2650 | 0.78 | 269.9 | 3131 | 2060 | 888 | 945 | 29.6 | 8.8 | 495 | 2675 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 22.17 | 0.594 | 8198 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 3132 | 2060 | 810 | 781 | 840 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26.51 | 25.91 | 25.46 | 8.88 | 45.31 |
2736 | 0.78 | 275.8 | 3131 | 2060 | 783 | 841 | 21.9 | 9.7 | 511 | 2750 | 0.05 | 2.47 | 4.40 | 0.424 | 10500 | 0.161 | 0.041 | 3172 | 3436 | 789 | 761 | 818 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26.14 | 26.02 | 25.52 | 8.87 | 45.58 |
2777 | 0.78 | 275.8 | 3171 | 3436 | 761 | 818 | 17.1 | 12.6 | 518 | 2784 | 0.00 | 2.38 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 1030 | 0.000 | 0.032 | 3172 | 2039 | 790 | 762 | 818 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26.20 | 26.14 | 26.22 | 8.87 | 45.47 |
2846 | 0.79 | 300.9 | 3172 | 2040 | 761 | 818 | 9.8 | 8.9 | 531 | 2867 | 0.00 | 2.38 | 15.70 | 0.486 | 8708 | 0.000 | 0.045 | 3173 | 620 | 686 | 659 | 714 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26.46 | 26.01 | 25.57 | 8.87 | 45.35 |
2938 | end climb: SURFACE_DEPTH_REACHED | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
state | 2938 | begin surface coast | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2959 | end surface coast: CONTROL_FINISHED_OK | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
state | 2959 | begin surface |